Ditulis bekerja sama dengan Vaksinin
Kanker serviks adalah kanker terbanyak ke-4 pada wanita di seluruh dunia. Di tahun 2018, sekitar 570.000 wanita mengidap kanker serviks di seluruh dunia dan sekitar 311.000 di antaranya meninggal akibat kanker ini.
Kanker serviks sendiri adalah penyakit dimana sel ganas tumbuh di daerah serviks yaitu ‘pintu’ yang menghubungkan rahim dan vagina. Kanker serviks biasanya berkembang perlahan seiring waktu. Perubahan yang terjadi menyebabkan sel kanker dapat menyebar lebih dalam dan ke daerah sekitarnya.
Foto Milik Mount Elizabeth Singapore
Apa tanda dan gejala kanker serviks?
- Bisa tidak bergejala di stadium awal atau saat masih pre-kanker
- Perdarahan dari vagina yang tidak normal
- Keluar cairan dari vagina yang tidak normal
- Nyeri saat berhubungan seksual atau kencing
- Nyeri di daerah pelvis (daerah antara pusar dan selangkangan)
Siapa saja yang bisa terkena kanker serviks?
Semua perempuan memiliki risiko untuk terkena kanker serviks. Paling banyak terjadi pada wanita di atas usia 30 tahun
Apa saja faktor risiko kanker serviks?
- Terinfeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) menular melalui hubungan seksual (bisa juga menular lewat kontak kulit dengan kulit alat kelamin), faktor utama terjadinya kanker serviks
- Riwayat seksual, aktif secara seksual dan berhubungan dengan lebih dari 1 pasangan
- Kondisi sistem imun lemah misalnya orang dengan infeksi HIV
- Merokok melemahkan sistem imun dan merusak sel tubuh
- Riwayat kehamilan - sudah hamil lebih dari 3 kali, pertama kali hamil di usia <20 tahun
- Penuaan usia - perempuan yang >30 tahun lebih rentan terkena kanker serviks
Cara mencegah kanker serviks?
- Vaksinasi HPV
- Tidak merokok
- Rutin melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear atau sejenis untuk wanita sudah berhubungan seksual
- Hindari berganti-ganti pasangan
- Menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual
Vaksinasi HPV adalah cara paling efektif dalam mencegah kanker serviks.
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Apa yang harus dilakukan jika memiliki faktor risiko kanker serviks?
Screening rutin.
Terdapat 3 macam pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan:
- Tes DNA HPV
- IVA (Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat)
- PAP smear
Kenapa perlu melakukan screening rutin kanker serviks?
Kanker serviks bisa tidak bergejala di tahap pre kanker atau stadium awal orang jadi tidak aware
Pengobatan kanker serviks yang tepat di stadium awal memberikan harapan sembuh yang tinggi.
Apakah untuk orang yang sudah berhubungan seksual perlu Pap smear terlebih dahulu baru boleh vaksin?
Tidak perlu.
Pemeriksaan pap smear bertujuan untuk melihat apakah sudah terjadi proses keganasan pada serviks / deteksi dini kanker serviks sehingga bila sudah terjadi dapat segera diobati.
Sedangkan vaksinasi HPV bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi oleh virus HPV. Vaksinasi HPV tetap akan melindungi dari tipe HPV yang terkandung di dalam vaksin. Selain itu vaksin HPV tidak akan memperberat apabila sudah terjadi abnormalitas pada serviks.
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