If your breasts feel tender, swollen, or achy right before or during your period, you’re not imagining it. This common experience—known as cyclical mastalgia—affects up to 70% of menstruating women. The good news is that it’s typically a normal part of your menstrual cycle and rarely a cause for concern.

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1. Why Breasts Get Sore Before and During Periods

Breast tenderness during menstruation is caused primarily by hormonal fluctuations—especially the rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone.

• Estrogen, which peaks mid-cycle, causes the breast ducts to enlarge.

• Progesterone, which rises after ovulation, leads to swelling of the milk glands.

These hormonal shifts increase fluid retention and inflammation in breast tissue, making them feel heavier, fuller, or sore.

During the late luteal phase—just before your period starts—hormone levels drop, leading to the characteristic tenderness. The discomfort usually lessens once menstruation begins and hormone levels stabilize.

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2. Common Symptoms of Cyclical Breast Pain

Symptoms can vary, but typically include:

• Swelling or heaviness in the breasts

• Aching, dull, or sharp pain

• Breast tissue that feels lumpy or dense

• Discomfort that radiates to the underarm or upper arm

These sensations are usually bilateral (affecting both breasts) and cyclical—they appear around the same phase of your menstrual cycle each month.

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3. How to Manage Sore Breasts

While cyclical breast pain is generally harmless, it can be uncomfortable. Here are several strategies to help relieve the pain:

a. Wear supportive clothing:
A well-fitted bra can reduce movement and provide gentle compression to minimize discomfort.

b. Apply warm or cold compresses:
Heat improves circulation and relaxes tissues, while cold compresses can reduce swelling.

c. Reduce caffeine and salt intake:
Caffeine and sodium can increase breast swelling and tenderness in some women.

d. Exercise regularly:
Moderate exercise helps regulate hormones, improve circulation, and reduce stress—which may indirectly reduce pain intensity.

e. Over-the-counter pain relief:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can help alleviate both breast and menstrual pain.

f. Consider evening primrose oil or vitamin E:
Some studies suggest that these supplements may reduce cyclical breast tenderness, though results vary and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

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4. When to See a Doctor

Although sore breasts are normal around your period, consult a doctor if:

• The pain occurs only in one breast

• There’s a new lump or thickening

• You notice nipple discharge (especially bloody or clear fluid)

• The pain persists beyond your menstrual cycle

These could indicate a non-cyclical or structural breast issue that warrants medical evaluation.

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5. Final Thoughts

Sore breasts during menstruation are a natural, hormonal response—not something to fear. By understanding your body’s cyclical changes and adopting healthy habits, you can manage discomfort and maintain breast health.

If symptoms become severe or interfere with daily life, speak to a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions and explore treatment options.

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References:

• Ader, D. N., & Shriver, C. D. (2013). Cyclical mastalgia: Prevalence and impact in the general population. Breast Journal, 19(3), 334–338.

• Hadi, M. S. (2018). Hormonal influences on cyclical mastalgia. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 44(5), 893–899.

• Gatewood, J. D., Morgan, M., & Wilke, J. (2015). Dietary and lifestyle factors associated with cyclical breast pain.Women’s Health Reports, 2(4), 201–207.

• Pruthi, S., Wahner-Roedler, D. L., & Torkelson, C. J. (2010). Vitamin E and evening primrose oil for cyclical mastalgia: A double-blind randomized trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(3), 480–486.