Ditulis bekerja sama dengan Vaksinin
Vaksin HPV adalah vaksin yang dapat melindungi tubuh dari infeksi human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV dapat menyebabkan infeksi kulit, termasuk kutil kelamin. Selain itu, HPV juga dapat menyebabkan beberapa jenis kanker, terutama kanker serviks, dan juga vulva, vagina, penis, anus, belakang tenggorokan, pangkal lidah dan amandel.
HPV dapat menular melalui kontak langsung, terutama ketika berhubungan seksual. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menerima vaksin ini untuk menurunkan risiko ketularan HPV.
Apa itu Vaksin HPV?
Ada 2 tipe vaksin HPV yang tersedia di Indonesia.
- 2 jenis virus/bivalen (Cervarix): melindungi dari 2 tipe HPV penyebab kanker serviks
- 4 jenis virus/kuadrivalen (Gardasil): melindungi dari 2 tipe HPV penyebab kanker serviks dan 2 tipe HPV penyebab kutil kelamin
Gardasil 9 belum tersedia di Indonesia.
Siapa saja harusnya di vaksinasi HPV?
Vaksinasi HPV tidak hanya untuk perempuan. Laki-laki bisa saja terinfeksi tanpa gejala dan menularkan kepada pasangannya.
Selain itu, pada laki-laki infeksi HPV juga dapat menyebabkan kanker penis, anus, dan orofaring (tenggorokan), serta kutil kelamin.
Mulai usia berapakah vaksin HPV boleh diberikan?
Sejak usia 9 tahun karena:
- Belum terpapar dengan faktor risiko belum berhubungan seksual
- Lebih ekonomis cukup 2 dosis saja
- Imunitas yang terbentuk lebih baik
Berapa kali vaksinasi HPV dilakukan?
Usia 9 – 14 tahun: diberikan 2 dosis di bulan 0 dan 6-15 bulan
Usia >14 tahun:
- Bivalen: diberikan 3 dosis di bulan 0,1 dan 6
- Kuadrivalen: diberikan 3 dosis di bulan 0,2 dan 6
Jika sudah pernah vaksinasi HPV, apakah perlu diulang lagi?
Tidak perlu. Hingga saat ini, penelitian menunjukkan 1 kali vaksinasi HPV lengkap sudah cukup.
Sampai kapan seseorang masih bisa divaksin HPV?
Perempuan: 55 tahunLaki-laki: 26 tahun
Apakah jika sudah pernah berhubungan seksual masih bisa divaksin?
Bisa.
Apakah bisa melakukan vaksinasi saat sedang menstruasi?
Bisa.
Apakah vaksinasi HPV dapat menyembuhkan infeksi HPV atau kanker serviks?
Tidak bisa. Fungsi vaksin HPV adalah untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi HPV yang merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya kanker serviks.
Apakah orang yang sudah terinfeksi HPV masih memerlukan vaksinasi HPV?
Ya, karena vaksin HPV masih dapat melindungi dari tipe HPV risiko tinggi yang belum menginfeksi mereka. Pemberian vaksin HPV ini aman dan tidak menyebabkan infeksi HPV yang terjadi bertambah parah. Namun perlu diingat bahwa vaksin HPV tidak dapat menyembuhkan infeksi HPV yang sudah terjadi atau memperbaiki hasil screening yang abnormal.
Apakah masih bisa terinfeksi HPV setelah vaksinasi HPV?
Orang yang sudah divaksinasi HPV bisa terinfeksi oleh tipe HPV yang tidak terkandung di dalam vaksin. Terutama apabila sudah terinfeksi HPV sebelum divaksinasi.
Apakah ibu hamil boleh vaksinasi HPV?
Vaksinasi HPV sebaiknya ditunda setelah melahirkan.
Apakah perlu melakukan tes kehamilan dahulu sebelum vaksinasi HPV?
Tidak perlu. Tidak ada bukti bahwa vaksinasi dapat mempengaruhi kehamilan atau membahayakan janin.
Apakah ibu menyusui boleh vaksinasi HPV?
Boleh.
Apakah vaksin HPV aman?
Vaksin HPV sangat aman. Selama pemantauan 15 tahun, vaksin HPV tidak menunjukkan adanya efek samping serius.
Efek samping yang bisa timbul antara lain:
- Nyeri, kemerahan atau bengkak di daerah suntikan
- Pusing atau pingsan
- Mual
- Sakit kepala
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